What is a DollaWhatW
I.e.
Federal Reserve Notes are NOT Dollars! So
if anyone wants you to pay them with Dollars, he's
asking you to do the IMPOSSIBLE, unless you both PRETENDthat
certain green pieces of paper are dollars. And I don't like to
pretend, especially when it comes to money.
Now
Federal Reserve Notes are NOTES, i.e. PROMISSORY NOTES which PROMISE
payment in dollars, EXCEPT that the gov’t is BANKRUPT, so it can’t
and won’t redeem those PN’s in any REAL dollars/money. I.e.
they’re EMPTY PROMISES which the gov’t expects us to use as
money. What the H? Do they think we’re STUPID?
And
the
last definition of a “dollar” via a federal statute was contained
in the Par Value Modification Act of March 31, 1972, 86 Stat. 116
formally 31 U.S.C. section 449. Section 2 of this act defined
a “dollar” as being equal to 1/38 of a fine troy ounce of
gold; in
the alternative, 38″dollars” equaled an ounce of such fine
gold. This definition of a gold “dollar” was
in effect until October 19, 1976,
when congress adopted the Act to Amend the Bretton Woods Agreement,
90 Stat. 2660.
Section
6 of this act repealed section 2 of the Par Value Modification
Act. Since
that time, congress has totally failed, and refused to enact
any legislation defining a “dollar”.
So
without a legal definition of ‘dollar’, a dollar is a LEGAL
FICTION and could mean just about ANYTHING,
even 1 peso, as the $ sign originally meant peso.
Think
about that for a moment. Without legal definition of a ‘dollar’,
that word can mean just about anything you THINK it means. So
if you think peso coins are dollars, then if someone says that you
owe him $100 (100 dollars), then you could just give him 100 pesos to
pay off that loan. And why not, since without a legal definition
of a ‘dollar’, people obviously can make up THEIR OWN
definitions.
It’d
be just like what the gov’t does when they ask you if you’re a US
citizen. You think it’s a sovereign Citizen of American Republic,
and they think it’s a corporate/federal subject of District of
Columbia, AKA the United States. Here’s
the entire letter/counter-claim:
(
LETTER TO LAWYER THAT CAUSED A 20% SETTLEMENT)
Dear
___________:
It
is obvious that you and your paralegal do not understand the simple
fact that there is no money in circulation and that you cannot demand
paper instruments backed by credit...
Here's
a link to the entire article:
BTW,
as most banks don't ask for dollars when they send you their
statements, the $ sign might just mean PESOS, as it is an OFFICIAL
sign for mexican pesos. Here's Wikipedia on that:
This
is the last part of the above-mentioned article/letter:
"An
Elementary Explanation on Money.
What’s
a dollar? A
simple question. Yet no court will render a determination.
IS
A TUNA A FISH? This is not hard, and even though elementary in
my approach, it is a simple means to make a simple principle
understandable…So again:
IS
A TUNA A FISH?
To
those who answered YES, I most certainly agree. Since a Tuna is a
fish, wouldn’t 10 (ten) Tuna have to be 10 fish? ABSOLUTELY!
IS
AN APPLE A PIECE OF FRUIT?
YES
an apple is a piece of fruit, and 10 apples would be 10 pieces
of fruit. GREAT!
IS
A DOLLAR A PIECE OF PAPER?
And
if you answered YES to that question, then please answer the
following:
IF
A DOLLAR IS A PIECE OF PAPER, THAN WHY ISN’T 10 DOLLARS TEN PIECES
OF PAPER?
If
a dollar is a piece of paper, how could two halves, four quarters,
ten dimes, twenty nickels or one hundred pennies BE A DOLLAR?
And
for that matter, HOW CAN ONE PIECE OF PAPER BE TEN OF ANYTHING?
If
I held an apple in my hand in such a way that you could only see one
half of it and then proceeded to ask you : “What am I holding in my
hand”? Would you answer “An apple”?
But
what if, much to your surprise, I showed you the part of the apple
that was concealed in my hand, and it had stamped on it : TEN APPLES
– U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE…? Would you still say I had an
apple, or would you say now I really had ten apples? Think about
this, for you do it every day! I believe intelligent people should
answer questions correctly. And of course, just because the USDA
stamped 10 on my apple, or the privately owned Federal Reserve prints
10 on their imaginary notes, certainly doesn’t make one become ten
AND YOU KNOW IT! The law says:
“United
States money is expressed in dollars…” – Title 31, United
States Code, Sec.5101.
And
land in the USA is “expressed” in acres, so deeds to land are
also expressed in acres – although an “acre” is not the
land, nor
is “dollar” the money BUT the UNIT OF MEASURE of gold and silver
in coin form, ONLY when gold and silver are current AS the
money! Gold
and silver have been used AS money for a long time throughout history
and for very good reasons including but not limited to: 1) relative
scarcity; 2) doesn’t rust or spoil; and, 3) has universal
acceptance…again, we don’t need any government to force us to
accept gold or silver, but they have to force us to take paper.
A
convenient unit of weight was needed to express gold and silver; the
shekel of old later giving way to the troy ounce of today. But
Americans officially in 1792 – [Coinage (Mint) Act
of 1792, which the Boston Federal Reserve Bank states: …is still
the law…”] adopted
the decimal system for weighing gold and silver, the “dollar”
being the primary unit of measure.
Nevertheless, just
as gravel is measured in cubic yards, sugar in pounds, and milk
is expressed in quarts, so too, silver and gold were weighed in
dollars. And
since no tangible entity answers to a ‘gravel cubic yard’,
‘sugar pound’, or a ‘milk quart’ – it stands to reason no
tangible commodity could answer to a gold or silver ‘dollar’! And
the reason you do NOT have a ‘silver dollar’ in your secret
hiding place, is the same reason you do NOT have a ‘milk
quart’ in your refrigerator – that is, NEITHER EXIST.
Intangible
units of measure are not fashioned from tangible substances! So, why
do you correctly say “a quart of milk”, and incorrectly say “a
silver dollar”? Accurate
or lawful delivery [PAYMENT] of a substance or thing requires three
elements or indicia:
1)
Numeric quantity;
2)
Unit of measure; and
3) the
thing or substance being measured. In
fact with out all three of the above indicia, no merchant can do
business with any customer, anywhere -consider:
You
own a deli with a fine array of meats and cheeses, etc…and
I approach you with this request: “Could I please have 3
pounds please”?
In
order to fill my order you need all three indicia and I only gave
you two – quantity = 3, unit of measure = pound, but I failed to
tell you what the substance was, so you must ask; “3 POUNDS OF
WHAT?” Then, once I tell you “smoked turkey breast”, you have
no problem filling my order.
So,
what do you do when I next order: “Could I please have pounds of
Swiss
cheese”? This time you must ask: “HOW MANY POUNDS of Swiss
Cheese”? – Get it? By now, as a deli owner, you are wondering if
I am not the dumbest person on earth, yet when I ask you how much is
my total order, you say: “Ten dollars please”?, and if I asked
you “TEN DOLLARS OF WHAT?” you’d be dumbfounded!
When
we used gold/silver AS the money, you would have said: TEN DOLLARS OF
GOLD (pricy shop you run!), and we could both conduct our business…So
today – TEN DOLLARS OF WHAT? Dollars of dollars? Do we have
“gallons of gallons”? See the scam, fraud and CON?
If
you have ever seen a pre-1963 dollar bill of credit, you might have
noticed the CONTRACT concealed in plain view: Who?:
“The United States of America”,
Will do what/when:
“Pay to the Bearer on Demand – ONE DOLLAR” What/where: “This
note is legal tender for all debts, Public and Private,
and isredeemable
in lawful money at the United StatesTreasury, or at any Federal
Reserve Bank.”
“The
terms ‘lawful money’ or ‘lawful money of the United States
‘shall be construed to mean gold or silver coin of the United
States.”
{Title
12 United States Code, Section 152]
Can
a note that PROMISES to PAY ‘ LAWFUL MONEY’ be the “Lawful
money’? In the pre-1963 bills of credit, or notes, you had to look
at three different places on the face of the bill, and read four
different fonts/styles of print to see the contract concealed in
plain view. Now, pull out a post-1963 bill of credit, any
denomination if you like, and look closely at its face:
Who?:
“THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE – ONE
DOLLAR (or 5, 10, etc…) THIS NOTE IS LEGAL TENDER FOR ALL DEBTS
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE”That’s it! They removed the PROMISE and by
doing so the bill magically became the thing once promised! UNDER
YOUR NOSE! The modern day FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE promises nothing to no
one ever! It can’t be redeemed for anything, it is not “federal”
embraces NO “reserves” and is NOT a “note”.
NOW
FOR A MORE SOPHISTICATED EXPLANATION.
In
your letter you asked for $.
Professor
Florian Cajori dealt with the $ sign question rather definitively
more than 60 years ago in A History of Mathematical Notations and
could get quite indignant on the subject. He noted in his book,
“About a dozen different theories [on the $ sign’s origin] have
been advanced by men of imaginative minds, but not one of these
would-be historians permitted himself to be hampered by the
underlying facts.”
Among
the deficient hypotheses:
(1)
The $ sign was originally the letters U and S superimposed. The idea
here is that the original $ sign had two vertical lines, not one.
Popular though this idea is, there is zero documentary evidence for
it.
Furthermore,
Robert Morris, the Revolutionary War financier and the first U.S.
official to use the sign, made it with a single vertical stroke.
(2)
It’s a version of the letters IHS, the Greek abbreviation of the
name
Jesus. No further comment required.
(3)
It was originally a P combined with an 8. The dollar, you’ll
recall, is descended from the Spanish Mill Dollar, also known as the
“piece of eight” because it consisted of eight reals. Plausible,
and as we shall see not that far from the truth, but still wrong.
(4)
The $ sign was inspired by the Spanish “pillar dollar,” which on
one side had two columns signifying the “pillars of Hercules” at
Gibraltar . These were represented in the dollar sign by the two
vertical lines, with the S being some sort of scroll wrapped around
them.
In
reality, Professor
Cajori contends in his book, the $ sign is an abbreviation for
“pesos.” Bear
in mind that the Spanish dollar, also known as the peso de 8 reales,
was the principal coin in circulation in the U.S. up until 1794, when
we began minting our own money. In handwriting, “pesos” was
usually abbreviated lowercase “ps,” with S above and to the right
of the P and with the hook on the latter written with one or two deep
strokes. As time went on, the P and the S tended to get mashed
together and the result was $. The
dollar sign and the PS abbreviation were used interchangeably from
around 1775 until the end of the century, after
which the latter faded from view.
Professor
Cajori backs up his argument with examples from manuscripts
of
the period. It is thought by some that the changes from double stroke
to single stroke dollar signs parallel changes from asset-backed
currency to credit backed currency. It appears that nobody really
knows or has any documentary evidence as to the meaning of the
single and/or double line $ sign until one studies a one-dollar
stamp. Close examination of such will immediately reveal that
somebody certainly knows the difference between the symbol. A bill or
judgment for a $ does not support an action. If someone knows what a
$ is then the court must surely know because the judgment herein
contains the single line $ sign and without clarification it is
impossible for Clyde Scott to know what it means in this
action. Therefore,
clarification is mandatory so that I can comply with your PAYMENT
request. I cannot tender a $ until I know what a $ is.
NOW
FOR MY LEGAL POSITION
I
am a student of monetary law and have studied this issue extensively
for the last several years, and thus I sincerely believe that my
views on this subject have weight, merit and authority. I have also
requested my local public servants to provide to me a similar
determination, but I have been unsuccessful in this respect.
The
conclusion I have reached in reference to this failure of public
officials to answer these basis questions posed by citizens is that
these officials have no knowledge of monetary law. Since I suspect
that you likewise may have some misconception in your own mind
concerning this topic, I would like to offer you my views and
opinion, in a Christian spirit.
The
common monetary unit in circulation in our country prior to and
during the Revolutionary War was the Spanish Milled Dollar. This coin
was so prevalent that the word “dollar” was commonly understood
by all people to be a reference to this coin. When the Constitution
was drafted in 1787 and later ratified by the states in 1788, the
constitutional references to “dollars” in this instrument meant
these coins.
During
the period of time that the Articles of Confederation were in force,
the Confederate Congress made a factual determination that the
“dollar” was the basic monetary unit of our country. By
1792, the Congress under the Constitution made a factual
determination that the “dollar” was a weight of silver consisting
of 371.25 grains of pure silver: see 1 stat. 246. This
was the first act of Congress in reference to the subject of money;
and there have been additional congressional acts adopted since the
Coinage Act of 1792, but these
acts
have culminated in such a fashion as to only cause confusion in the
field of monetary law.
A
recitation of all the coinage acts of Congress is pointless here,
although I would be happy to provide these cites to you. Acts in this
regard were adopted, among other times, in 1834, 1837, 1878, 1900,
1933, 1934, and 1967. But, in reference to decisive acts of Congress
in reference to the term “dollar” it is acts passed in 1972 and
1976 by Congress which clearly lead to the confusion so prevalent
today in regards to the subject of monetary law.
California
follows the common law and, of course, the common law is most
important in reference to the subject of monetary law. At
common law, the monetary standard of a nation was immutable,
meaning that it could not be changed by any legislative
body. This
principle is expounded by many common law authorities and is an
established principle of law. This
being the case, Congress
lacks all power to change the ancient monetary standard of our
nation, which is the “dollar” of silver defined in the Coinage
Act of 1792.
I
am fully cognizant of the fact that there exist many powerful and
influential advocate that maintain that the monetary standard is
mutable meaning that it can be changed by Congress. These partisans
further maintain that all power over the monetary standard is vested
in the hands of Congress. If you accept this premise, then it
logically follows that a “dollar” is today a legal fiction. The
last definition of a “dollar” via a federal statute was contained
in the Par Value Modification Act of March 31, 1972, 86 Stat. 116
formally 31 U.S.C. section 449. Section 2 of this act defined a
“dollar” as being equal to 1/38 of a fine troy ounce of
gold; in the alternative, 38″dollars” equaled an ounce of such
fine gold. This definition of a gold “dollar” was in effect until
October 19, 1976, when congress adopted the Act to Amend the Bretton
Woods Agreement, 90 Stat. 2660.
Section
6 of this act repealed section 2 of the Par Value Modification
Act. Since
that time, congress has totally failed, and refused to enact
any legislation defining a “dollar”. If
you accept the argument that congress possesses total control over
the monetary standard, then you must also accept the proposition that
a “dollar” is today a legal fiction. It is indeed odd that our
entire economy and society operate upon an entity which is unknown
and legally undefined.
Another
point I would like to make with you concerns the Federal Reserve
Note. Many
people contend that Federal Reserve Notes are legal tender pursuant
to 31 U.S.C. section 3103. But, notwithstanding this statute, one
must look to the substance instead of the form to determine if such
notes are really, legally, legal tender. The essential
attribute of any legal tender currency is that it must be in fact an
obligation of the United States. To
be an obligation of the United States , Congress must have adopted an
act authorizing the issuance of some quantity of these notes,and
the same must be enforceable against the United States .
However, I
have not found any statute whereby congress has authorized any amount
of these notes to be issued and since this is the case, such notes
are not United
States obligations
and are not legal tender.
Further,
these notes are not enforceable against the United States . The
ultimate hypocrisy is that these notes are not even enforceable
against the banks, which issued them. I
have studied the matter for 20 years and written an extensive brief
on the point that Federal Reserve Notes are not a legal tender, which
I will save to counter any erroneous position taken in any official
determination.
I
hope that the points I am making in this letter are perceptible to
you. There is a real and substantial issue concerning what is legally
a “dollar” with on one extreme it being contended that a “dollar”
is a weight of silver and on the other extreme it being contended
that a “dollar” is a legal fiction.
Further,
some people contend that Federal Reserve Notes are legal tender and
others answer that they are not, and these people who contend
otherwise, including myself, have the weight of law to support their
argument. With
such obvious confusion, it is only natural that I cannot pay a
“dollar” of liability in any judgment or settlement.
It
is a well-known fact that a
court that does not have a remedy has
no
subject matter jurisdiction to create one unless such is
contracted. In
this instant there
is no remedy because payment of a judgment in money of account
expressed in “dollars” and pursuant to HJR-192 there are no
lawful dollars in circulation. Since HJR
192 we can only discharge a liability with the approval of John
W. Snow Secretary of the Treasury. If
John W. Snow does not give his approval, any judgment, settlement, or
debt can only become an unenforceable and expensive nullity.
As
a matter of law the money accounts of this state must be expressed in
dollars or units, cents or hundredths, and
mills or thousandths; and all accounts in banks and public
offices, and
all proceedings in the courts of this state, shall be kept in
conformity herewith.
Since
this state must express its judgment in “dollars” an
official determination
is mandatory to eliminate confusion and performance, so I can legally
and lawfully pay, settle, or discharge the claim with “dollars”
or by the Bill of Exchange remedy found in House Joint Resolution
192.
The
matter is further complicated by the fact that the State is
prohibited from making paper a tender in payment of debt. See Article
1, Section 10 of the Constitution of the United States. Which states:
“No
State shall make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in
payment of debt.”
A
check with the California Secretary of State clearly shows that in
her opinion Article 1, Section 10 is binding upon the State of
California. So,
as you can see, in
view of these authorities, statutes, resolutions, and articles, I
have no remedy or way to comply with the payment of “dollars” or
the $ you requested and therefore must conditionally accept for value
and return for value your presentment pending an official
determination of a “dollar” expressed
in your claim
or
tender a $1 Money Order each month until Congress puts money
back into circulation. I have no duty to pay you or MBNA anything,
unless you submit proof of claim that there is a way to pay the
“dollars” you are demanding. Additionally,
Every competent jurist knows that the created cannot possess a power
that the creator did not have to give. The
State of California does not have the power to make paper a tender in
payment of debt and neither does any corporation created by the state
or federal government. Such would be an act of ultra vires.
Years
of research clearly show that the United States is without a dollar
of “public or lawful money”. All we have today is the private
Federal Reserve unbacked credit dollars which are not money or
property and only confers the user an equitable interest but denies
allodial title.
1965-1969
and were hoarded for their intrinsic value and not spent. Next
came the Susan B. Anthony dollar, an awkward coin which was instantly
rejected as planned. The remaining unit is the privately issued
Federal Reserve note unit dollar (which is not money see 105 So. 305
`1925′) with no viable competitors. Back in 1935 the Fed had
persuaded the Treasury to discontinue minting silver dollars
because the public preferred them over dollar bills. That the public
money system has become awkward, discouraging its use, is no
accident. It was planned that way. There is no way to plug a judicial
judgment into a private money system pursuant to Article one, Section
ten. I clearly would love to litigate any premise counter to these
assertions.
GET
OUT OF DEBT NOW! http://www.newdebtelimination.com
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