COMMERCE GAME EXPOSED How To Play

ON APRIL 5, 1933, then president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, under Executive Order, issued April 5, 1933, declared: "All persons are required to deliver ON OR BEFORE MAY 1, 1933 all GOLD COIN, GOLD BULLION, AND GOLD CERTIFICATES now owned by them to a Federal Reserve Bank, branch or agency, or to any member bank of the Federal Reserve System."

James A. Farley, Postmaster General at that time, required each postmaster in the country to post a copy of the Executive Order in a conspicuous place within each branch of the Post Office. On the bottom of the posting was the following:

CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDER $10, 000 fine or 10 years imprisonment, or both, as provided in Section 9 of the order

Section 9 of the order reads as follows: “Whosoever willfully violates any provisions of this Executive Order or of these regulations or of any rule, regulation or license issued thereunder may be fined not more than $10,000, or if a natural person, may be imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both; and any officer, director or agency of any corporation who knowingly participates in any such violation may be punished by a like fine, imprisonment, or both.

NOTE: Stated within a written document received September 17, 1997, from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel, Office of the Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Richard L. Shiffin, in response to a FOIA, was the following:

"A fact that is frequently overlooked is that Executive orders and proclamations of the President normally have no direct effect upon private persons or their property, and instead, normally constitute only directives or instructions to officers or employees of the Federal Government.

The exception is those cases in which the President is expressly authorized or required by laws enacted by the Congress to issue an Executive order or proclamation dealing with the legal rights or obligations of members of the public. Such as issuance of Selective Service Regulations, establishment of boards to investigate certain labor disputes, and establishment of quotas or fees with respect to certain imports into this country."

NOTE: IT SEEMS RATHER OBVIOUS THAT PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT WAS NOT "EXPRESSLY AUTHORIZED OR REQUIRED” TO "ISSUE AN EXECUTIVE ORDER OR PROCLAMATION" DEMANDING THE PUBLIC (PRIVATE) TO RELINQUISH THEIR PRIVATELY HELD GOLD.

The order (proclamation) issued by Roosevelt was an undisciplined act of treason. Two months AFTER the Executive Order, on June 5, 1933, the Senate and House of Representatives, 73d Congress, 1st session, at 4:30 p.m. approve House Joint Resolution (HJR) 192: Joint Resolution To Suspend The Gold Standard And Abrogate The Gold Clause, Joint resolution to assure uniform value to the coins and currencies of the United States.

HJR-192 states, in part, that "[E]very provision contained in or made with respect to any obligation which purports to give the obligee a right to require payment in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency, or in any amount of money of the United States measured thereby, is declared to be against public policy, and no such provision shall be contained in or made with respect to any obligation hereafter incurred. Every obligation, heretofore or hereafter incurred, whether or not any such provisions is contained therein or made with respect thereto, shall be discharged upon payment, dollar for dollar, in any such coin or currency which at the time of payment is legal tender for public and private debts."

HJR-192 goes on to state: "As used in this resolution, the term ‘obligation’ means an obligation (including every obligation of and to the United States, excepting currency) payable in money of the United States; and the term ‘coin or currency’ means coin or currency of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and national banking associations."

HJR-192 superseded Public Law (what passes as law today is only "color of law”), replacing it with public policy. This eliminated our ability to PAY our debts, allowing only for their DISCHARGE. When we use any commercial paper (checks, drafts, warrants, federal reserve notes, etc.), and accept it as money, we simply pass the unpaid debt attached to the paper on to others, by way of our purchases and transactions. This unpaid debt, under public policy, now carries a public liability for its collection. In other words, all debt is now public.

The United States government, in order to provide necessary goods and services, created a commercial bond (promissory note), by pledging the property, labor, life and body of its citizens, as payment for the debt (bankruptcy). This commercial bond made chattel (property) out of every man, woman and child in the United

States. We became nothing more than "human resources" and collateral for the debt. This was without our knowledge and/or our consent. How? It was done through the filing (registration) of our birth certificates!

The United States government -actually the elected and appointed administrators of government -took (and still do, to this day) certified copies of all our birth certificates and placed them in the United States Department of Commerce ... as registered securities. These securities, each of which carries an estimated $1,000,000 (one million) dollar value, have been (and still are) circulated around the world as collateral for loans, entries on the asset side of ledgers, etc., just like any other security. There's just one problem, we didn't authorize it.

The United States is a District of Columbia corporation. In Volume 20: Corpus Juris Sec. § 1785 we find "The United States government is a foreign corporation with respect to a State" (see: NY re: Merriam 36 N.E. 505 1441 S. 0.1973, 14 L. Ed. 287). Since a corporation is a fictitious "person" (it can not speak, see, touch, smell, etc.), it can not, by itself, function in the real world. It needs a conduit, a transmitting utility, a liaison of some sort, to "connect" the fictional person, and fictional world in which it exists, to the real world. Why is this important?

LIVING people, exist in a real world, not a fictional, virtual world. But government does exist in a fictional world, and can only deal directly with other fictional or virtual persons, agencies, states, etc.. In order for a fictional person to deal with real people there must be a connection, a liaison, a go-between. This can be something as simple as a contract.

When both "persons," the real and the fictional, agree to the terms of a contract, there is a connection, intercourse, dealings, there is a communication, an exchange. There is business!

But there is another way for fictional government to deal with the real man and woman: through the use of a representative, a liaison, the go-between. Who is this go-between, this liaison that connects fictional government to real men and women? It's a government created shadow, a fictional man or woman ... with the same name as ours.

This PERSON was created by using our birth certificates as the MCO (manufacturer's certificate of origin) and the state in which we were born as the "port of entry." This gave fictional government a fictional PERSON with whom to deal directly. This PERSON is a strawman.

STRAMINEUS HOMO: Latin: A man of straw, one of no substance, put forward as bail or surety. This definition comes from Black's Law Dictionary, 6th. Edition, page 1421. Following the definition of STRAMINEUS HOMO in Black's we find the next word, Strawman.

STRAWMAN: A front, a third party who is put up in name only to take part in a transaction. Nominal party to a transaction; one who acts as an agent for another for the purposes of taking title to real property and executing whatever documents and instruments the principal may direct. Person who purchases property for another to conceal identity of real purchaser or to accomplish some purpose otherwise not allowed.

Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary defines the term "strawman" as:

1: a weak or imaginary opposition set up only to be easily confuted 2: a person set up to serve as a cover for a usually questionable transaction.

The Strawman can be summed up as an imaginary, passive stand-in for the real participant; a front; a blind; a person regarded as a nonentity. The Strawman is a "shadow," a go-between.

For quite some time a rather large number of people in this country have known that a man or woman's name, written in ALL CAPS, or last name first, does not identify real, living people. Taking this one step further, the rules of grammar for the English language have no provisions for the abbreviation of people's names, i.e. initials are not to be used.

As an example, John Adam Smith is correct. ANYTHING else is not correct. Not Smith, John Adam or Smith, John A. or J. Smith or J. A. Smith or JOHN ADAM SMITH or SMITH, JOHN or any other variation. NOTHING, other than John Adam Smith identifies the real, living man. All other appellations identify either a deceased man or a fictitious man: such as a corporation or a STRAWMAN.

Over the years government, through its "public" school system, has managed to pull the wool over our eyes and keep us ignorant of some very important facts. Because all facets of the media (print, radio, television) have an ever-increasing influence in our lives, and because media is controlled (with the issuance of licenses, etc.) by government and its agencies, we have slowly and systematically

been led to believe that any form/appellation of our names is, in fact, still us: as long as the spelling is correct. WRONG!

We were never told, with full and open disclosure, what our government officials were planning to do ... and why.

We were never told that government (the United States) was a corporation, a fictitious "person."

We were never told that government had quietly, almost secretly, created a shadow, a STRAWMAN for each and every AMERICAN . . . so that government could not only "control" the people, but also raise an almost unlimited amount of revenue - so it could continue ... not just to exist, but to GROW.

We were never told that when government deals with the STRAWMAN it is not dealing with real, living, men and women.

We were never told, openly and clearly with full disclosure of all the facts, that since June 5, 1933, we have been unable to pay our debts.

We were never told that we had been pledged (and our children, and their children, and their children, and on and on) as collateral, mere chattel, for the debt created by government officials who committed treason in doing so.

We were never told that they quietly and cleverly changed the rules, even the game itself, and that the world we perceive as real is in fact fictional -and it's all for their benefit.

We were never told that the STRAWMAN -a fictional person, a creature of the state -is subject to all the codes, statutes, rules, regulations, ordinances, etc. decreed by government, but that WE, the real man and woman, are not.

We were never told we were being treated as property, as slaves (albeit comfortably for some), while living in the land of the free -and that we could, easily, walk away from the fraud. WE WERE NEVER TOLD WE WERE BEING ABUSED!

How does that make YOU feel?

There's something else you should know: Everything, since June 1933, operates in COMMERCE! Why is this important?

Commerce is based on agreement, contract. Government has an implied agreement with the Strawman (government's creation) and the Strawman is subject to government rule, as we illustrated above. But when we, the real flesh and blood man and woman, step into their "process" we become the "surety" for the fictional Strawman. Reality and fiction are reversed. We then become liable for the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Strawman, relinquishing our real (protected) character as we stand up for the fictional Strawman.

So that we can once again place the Strawman in the fictional world and ourselves in the real world (with all our "shields" in place against fictional government) we must send a nonnegotiable (private) "Charge Back" and a nonnegotiable "Bill of Exchange" to the United States Secretary of Treasury, along with a copy of our birth certificate, the evidence, the MCO, of the Strawman. By doing this we discharge our portion of the public debt, releasing us, the real man, from the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Strawman. Those debts, liabilities and obligations exist in the fictional commercial world of "book entries," on computers and/or in paper ledgers. It is a world of "digits" and "notes," not of money and substance. Property of the real man once again becomes tax exempt and free from levy, as it must be in accord with HJR-192.

Sending the nonnegotiable Charge Back and Bill of Exchange accesses our Treasury Direct Account (TDA). What is our TDA? Let's go to Title 26 USC and take a look at section 163(h)(3)(B)(ii), $1,000,000 limitation:

"The aggregate amount treated as acquisition indebtedness for any period shall not exceed $1,000,000 ($500,000 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return). "

This $1,000,000 (one million) account is for the Strawman, the fictional "person" with the name in all caps and/or last name first. It is there for the purpose of making book entries, to move figures, "digits" from one side of ledgers to the other. Without constant movement a shark will die and quite ironically, like the shark, there must also be constant movement in commerce, or it too will die. Figures, digits, the entries in ledgers must move from asset side to debit side and back again, or commerce dies. No movement, no commerce.

The fictional persona of government can only function in a fictional commercial world, one where there is no real money, only fictional funds ... mere entries, figures, digits.

A presentment from fictional government -from traffic citation to criminal charges -is a negative, commercial "claim" against the Strawman. This "claim" takes place in the commercial, fictional world of government. "Digits" move from one side of your Strawman account to the other, or to a different account. This is today's commerce.

In the past we have addressed these "claims" by fighting them in court, with one "legal process" or another, and failed. We have played the futile, legalistic, dog- and-pony show -a very clever distraction -while the commerce game played on.

But what if we refused to play dog-and-pony, and played the commerce game instead? What if we learned how to control the flow and movement of entries, figures and digits, for our own benefit? Is that possible? And if so, how? How can the real man in the real world, function in the fictional world in which the commerce game exists?

When in commerce do as commerce does, use the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The UCC-1 Financing Statement is the one contract in the world that can NOT be broken and it's the foundation of the Accepted For Value process. The power of this document is awesome.

Since the TDA exists for the Strawman -who, until now, has been controlled by government -WE can gain control (and ownership) of the Strawman by first activating the TDA and then filing a UCC-1 Financing Statement. This does two things for us.

First, by activating the TDA we gain limited control over the funds in the account. This allows US to also move entries, figures and digits ... for OUR benefit.

Secondly, by properly filing a UCC-1 Financing Statement we can become the holder in due course of the Strawman. This gives us virtual ownership of the government created entity. So what? What does it all mean?

Remember earlier we mentioned that a presentment from government or one of its agents or agencies was a negative commercial claim against the Strawman (and the Strawman’s account, the TDA)? Remember we told you entries, figures and digits

moved from one side of the account to the other, or to a different account? Well now, with the Strawman under our control, government has no access to the TDA and they also lose their go-between, their liaison, their "connection" to the real, living man and woman.

From now on, when presented with a "claim" (presentment) from government, we will agree with it (this removes the “controversy”) and we will ACCEPT IT FOR VALUE. By doing this we remove the negative claim against our account and become the "holder in due course" of the presentment. As holder in due course you can require the sworn testimony of the presenter of the "claim" (under penalty of perjury) and request the account be properly adjusted.

It's all business, a commercial undertaking, and the basic procedure is not complicated. In fact, it's fairly simple. We just have to remember a few things, like: this is not a "legal" procedure -we're not playing dog-and-pony. This is commerce, and we play by the rules of commerce. We accept the "claim," become the holder in due course, and challenge whether or not the presenter of the claim had/has the proper authority (the Order) to make the claim (debit our account) in the first place. When they cannot produce the Order (they never can, it was never issued) we request the account be properly adjusted (the charge, the "claim " goes away).

If they don't adjust the account a request is made for the bookkeeping records showing where the funds in question were assigned. This is done by requesting the Fiduciary Tax Estimate and the Fiduciary Tax Return for this claim. Since the claim has been accepted for value and is prepaid, and our TDA account is exempt from levy, the request for the Fiduciary Tax Estimate and the Fiduciary Tax Return is valid because the information is necessary in determining who is delinquent and/or making claims on the account. If there is no record of the Fiduciary Tax Estimate and the Fiduciary Tax Return, we then request the individual tax estimates and individual tax returns to determine if there is any delinquency.

If we receive no favorable response to the above requests, we will then file a currency report on the amount claimed/assessed against our account and begin the commercial process that will force them to either do what's required or lose everything they own -except for the clothing they are wearing at the time.

This is the power of contracts (commerce) and it should be mentioned, at least this one time, that a contract overrides the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and any other document other than another contract. We should also mention that no process of law -"color" of law under present codes, statutes, rules, regulations,

ordinances, etc. - can operate upon you, no agent and/or agency of government (including courts) can gain jurisdiction over you, WITHOUT YOUR CONSENT. You, (we) are not within their fictional commercial venue.

The Accepted For Value process, however, gives us the ability to deal with "them" -through the use of our transmitting utility/go-between, the Strawman -and hold them accountable in their own commercial world, for any action(s) they attempt to take against us. Without a proper Order, and now we know they're not in possession of such a document, they must leave us alone ... or pay the consequences.

Yes, this process IS powerful.

Yes, it CAN set us free from government oppression and control.

But remember: "What goes around, comes around." "Do unto others, as you have others do unto you."

It's simple, folks, DO NOT ABUSE THIS PROCESS ... if you do it could come around and bite you.

Link to this webpage: http://web.archive.org/web/20060407062015/http://www.worldnewsstand.net/...

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This book has been called by many "the best complete basic instruction manual concerning this process." It gives a complete view of the process by itself or can be used as a supplement to any other material on the subject. People have commented that reading this book made understanding some of the more exceedingly complicated (and exceeding expensive) manuals more understandable. The Commerce Game EXPOSED cuts to the chase. We give you the details of the basic process (as used in IRS matters) and explain the process step by step. There is a detailed overview that explains how the fiat credit/debt system depreciating your labor, property and value today systematically replaced America's lawful money guidelines. Do you know what the difference between "paying" a debt and "discharging" a debt is? After reading The Commerce Game EXPOSED you will.

This book is not for everyone, but we feel that whether you will be learning about this process and the situation concerning the monetary system just for learning's sake or you plan to utilize the concepts in a practical way you will not be disappointed.

The Commerce Game EXPOSED is only $25. US +$2 S&H ($27. Total)

The American Way c/o 6500 Shadow Glenn Eagle Point, Oregon [ 97524 ]

PHONE: (541) 826-9050 FAX: (810) 885-1842

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An Article The Commerce Game EXPOSED by The American Voice Published in the July 1999 issue Volume II - Issue 7

What if one day a handful of powerful bankers, armed with their bought and paid for lawyers and politicians, decided to replace the system of commerce the way was presently conducted? Not so bad, you may say. Everyone simply adjusts to a different system and business moves on. I would normally agree. However, what if only a very small number were told about the change? What if the vast majority were first distracted from the change and then systematically "educated" into believing that no change had even occurred? That might not have been so bad either…if those in control truly had the vast majority’s best interests at heart…or even in view. Of course if they had deliberately and systematically kept the vast majority ignorant, and unable to learn otherwise, it would then seem "our best interests" were not being considered. The underlying reason for this is very simple: royalty, by blood or by power, needs slaves to exist.

A man can be enslaved by many different means. Thoughout time, the powers that be have developed a well balanced formula of high-profit, low-maintenance slavery. Although there are many different elements to this ‘formula,’ ignorance is the key. What better slave than one who believes he is actually free?

In 1933 the system of doing business in this country was changed. Before that, time debts were paid by gold: either coin or gold backed currency. To introduce gold into commerce, it must first be mined. Mining requires labor. That labor is what gave gold coin it’s intrinsic value. Labor is energy. The value of gold was fixed, it was not a fluctuating commodity as it is today.

Then a financial ‘emergency’ occurred – either caused by the simple greed and corruption of the banking/investment moguls or, by their design, for larger purposes. It is important to realize that this is the time period in which the welfare state was instituted, socialism was integrated into America, and a large shift in wealth occurred. Many, many individuals became very, very wealthy as a result of the "financial emergency."

On April 5, 1933, President Roosevelt issued an Executive Order "forbidding the hoarding of gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates" and attached the penalty of a $10,000 fine or up to 10 years in prison. "Hoarding" was defined as more than $100 in gold. Then on June 5, 1933, the 73rd Congress, 1st session, passed H.J.R. 192, which stated within its title "...to suspend the gold standard and abrogate the gold clause."

At this time I feel it important to include the definition of "abrogate," as found within Black’s Law Dictionary, 4th edition, p. 21: "To annul, repeal, or destroy; to annul or repeal an order or rule issued by a subordinate authority; to repeal a former law by legislative act, or by usage."

Is the Constitution, the creator of Congress, a subordinate authority to Congress? Is the Creator subordinate to the creation? Of course not. So, by what authority did Congress "abrogate" the gold clause contained within the Constitution?

The answer is, they had no authority. They were criminals. Roosevelt was a criminal and every Congress and President that has abided by, and concealed the above mentioned treasonous act since then, is a criminal as well.

The foreign, un-authorized, system we currently live under is only a fact "by usage." We are no longer a nation of Laws. We are a system of commerce. Commerce is always conducted by agreement. In 1933, when the authorized standard of money was abrogated, which carried the fixed value representative of the energy/labor expended by natural men, the natural man lost his ability to pay his debts. If it is impossible to pay a debt one cannot be

authorized to create a debt. How, then, could commerce continue, given a situation where no man could create or pay a debt?

Energy/labor is real. Natural man is real. But the Monetary system we have recognized "as" real, is not. What "real" thing backs the U.S. dollar’s value? What intrinsic value does it have…or even represent? Some of you may think that it is the gross national product. You are wrong.

"It is the confidence people have that they will be able to exchange such money for other financial assets and for real goods and services whenever they choose to do so." Modern Money Mechanics*, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. "Intrinsically, a dollar bill is just a piece of paper, deposits merely book entries." Modern Money Mechanics*, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

Nothing of real value backs the dollar, and it has no real intrinsic value.

You may think that the money is created by the government, at the Treasury. Again, you are wrong.

"The actual process of money creation takes place primarily in banks… bankers discovered that they could make loans merely by giving their promise to pay, or bank notes, to borrowers. In this way banks began to create money…Transaction deposits are the modern counterpart of bank notes. It was a small step from printing notes to making book entries crediting deposits of borrowers, which the borrowers in turn could "spend" by writing checks, thereby "printing" their own money." Modern Money Mechanics*, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

The whole visible system is based on "promises to pay" and the "confidence" in those promises. In reality, it is all just bookkeeping. No intrinsic value…only movement. The credits and debits must continue to move. This movement represents the transfer of energy. That is commerce. Or, it could be the board-game Monopoly. As long as there is movement, the game continues. When one player gets it all, or no one can move, the game ends.

In 1933 one game ended and another began. Now there were new pieces in the game. The rules were changed. But only those who had been notified of the change knew there were new pieces, and knew they could move them themselves. The rest of us were led to believe that our pieces were still the same, but would be moved by someone more qualified, and for our benefit.

Has it been good for us? Just as we need a game piece to play the board-game of Monopoly, we also need a game piece to play the game of commerce: and in commerce our "game piece" is called a strawman. We are the players, remember? The players have no real money, so they cannot create any real debt. It is important we remember this.

There has been a lot of research into the meanings of various form and representations of a man’s name. All the research shows that when a man’s name is in all capital letters or with the last name first, first name last, it is not a correct representation of the man. This is old news. But the utilization of this information, attempted in various procedures, has proven not to have been particularly successful – even though the information is correct.

The all capitalized version of your name is not you, it is your strawman. It is your game piece. This fictional man was created in order for you to take part, become involved, in the game of commerce.

A natural man is real. Gold is the real representation of labor. Labor is energy and the transfer of energy is commerce.

The strawman is not real. The commerce system which is in place now depends upon the movement of fictional credits and debits for the transfer of energy. This movement has no substance.

The old system (prior to 1933) depended upon the reality of men exchanging energy in the form of their labor, which is their property.

The new system, the system we live with today, depends upon the non-reality of promises, confidence and the movement of book entries.

One is real - one is fiction. The two cannot mix. We are real. The monetary/commerce system is fiction. Since the two cannot mix, the real and the fiction, something had to be done. The strawman was created. Birth certificates, issued by the State, certified the strawman’s birth and became a "certificate of title."

In 1933 all the States pledged full faith and credit to the United States. The "birth certificate" is held in the office of vital statistics within the jurisdiction in which the "port of entry" you entered this country at is located and at the U.S. Department

of Commerce. This birth certificate, "manufacturer’s certificate of origin" (MCO), is the creation of your game piece.

Now, an account must be created for the strawman, to enable the transfer of credits and debits. An account needs a number, let’s say 123-45-6789. Look familiar? But this account does not operate like a regular bank account…so don’t even try. By the way, how much "money" do you start a Monopoly game with?

Resources are used as collateral for the debt. Therefore, the value placed on a resource also applies to the collateral. People are openly referred to by government as "human resources." Now we can begin to understand why the government treats people as a farmer treats his livestock. The herd is used as collateral to back the debt created by the farmer, when he bought the grain to feed the heard in the first place. However, one must be the holder in due course of a resource, in order to use it as collateral. This is why a birth certificate is like a note, stock or title.

If you do not act on your own behalf, and take care of your own affairs, it is often presumed you are not competent to do so. When one is deemed incompetent, a fiduciary is then assigned: to administer to his affairs. Someone else acts for him. Have you ever been asked to play a game that was new to you (one which you did not know how to play) just because the game needed another player? Under those circumstances someone usually says, "I’ll play your move for you, you can just watch." Right?

During a war, civilian casualties are referred to as "collateral damage." Isn’t that an interesting term? Collateral? The people are collateral? How many of you think that’s just a coincidence? You see, we are already in the game, and our game piece (strawman) is on the board. Isn’t it time we learned how to play?

There is now a process that shows you how to operate your strawman, and the strawman account, for your own benefit. This process is relatively simple and it may not seem like a big deal to you now. But I am looking at three IRS "Certificate of Release of Federal Tax Lien" documents, totaling over $15,000.00, that were released in response to the above mentioned process. I have also been told of many other circumstances, concerning many different debt situations, that have had the same result. In five years of study, this is the first process I have seen where there is actual evidence that it is really working. Although there are a few different names attached to this process, "Redemption," "Accepted For Value," etc. they all address the same subject. . .that is, accessing and using the strawman to make your life a

little more enjoyable, a lot less complicated, and more in line with what God probably had in mind when He created us in the first place.

The point of this article is to start you thinking, so that you’ll have questions and, hopefully, seek out some answers. The process we are referring to is not to be taken lightly. It is not a "get-rich-quick" scheme. What this process is – based on the research, implementation of the facts discovered and the results that followed – is the way commercial business is conducted: nationwide. But this knowledge, these procedures, have been kept from "we the people" – we the "collateral." Now it’s being exposed, and finally we can free ourselves, and our game piece (strawman), from the control and manipulation of government. We have learned the rules of the game.

The American Voice is making an instruction manual available. This manual will be complete, from start to finish. It will not be necessary for you to buy additional information in order to start and complete the process. Nothing else to buy, in order to put this information to real use. The manual is available from The American Voice for $25.00, +$2 S&H. ($27. Total)

PHONE: (541) 826-9050 FAX: (810) 885-1842

FOOTNOTE:

* Modern Money Mechanics Public Information Center Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago P.O. Box 834 Chicago, IL 60690-0834 (312) 322-5111

Webpage: http://web.archive.org/web/20060223165315/www.worldnewsstand.net/money/E...

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The Application of Commercial Law

PURPOSE: To find out what group you are in

Provides a brief summary on the differences in bodies of law by definition More definitions regarding titles, property and possession Gives an overall view on how to get back control of your universe Explains how to make the UCC-1 contract and how to properly file it Explains how to establish own private treaty with the world

FINAL PRODUCT: The ability to control one’s body and one’s property

Hierarchy of Law

The first order of law is Natural Law. These are Universal Principals which so necessarily agrees with nature and state of man, that without observing their inherent maxims, the peace and happiness of society can never be preserved. Knowledge of natural laws may be attained merely by the light of reason, from the facts of their essential agreeableness with the constitution of human nature. Natural Law exists regardless of whether it is enacted as positive law.

When law began to emerge into human consciences, thought, word and deed we come to the next order of law on this planet. The most fundamental law of all human law has to do with survival which is a Universal Principal. It has to do with human interactions, of any kind, any relationships, buying, selling or trading or relating in any way. It is based upon treating or dealing with others the way that you would like to be treated or dealt with. This is the Law of Commerce. The Law of Commerce has been in operation since man interacted with each other starting many thousands of years ago through the Sumerian/Babylonian era where it was codified and enforced. Ancient artifacts dating over 6,000 old reveal that the system was so complex it even included reciepts, coined money, shopping lists, manifestos and a postal system with the medium being in baked clay.

As a derivative of Commercial law, being removed from natural law, and therefore inferior, is Common Law (common [L co together + munis service, gift, exchange] to exchange together). This emerged, basically, in England out of disputes over a portion of the earth in allodium (sovereign ownership of land) and was based on "common" sense. So, common law is the law of the earth. Common law gave rise to the jury system and many writs and processes which governments have absorbed and statutized and made into rules and regulation processes in courts.

Common Law procedures were based on the opportunity "to face your accuser or the injured party" in front of witnesses to sort out the problem directly. This

process was never intended to include "lawyers, attorneys or judges construing their own law", as these "titles" are all based upon the fiction of "representation" which can never "be the real thing".

After common law come governments, and their laws and legislative regulations, ad infinitum of the organic republics of the states. The only "laws" that the state can create is to "allow commerce to flow more efficiently WITHIN the state". The only "law" the central government, united States of America, could create was to "allow commerce to flow more efficiently BETWEEN the states. " It was never intended to regulate people – the soverans.

Below that, the "garbage froth," more or less, is politics and the private copyrighted company policy of foreign corporations such as UNITED STATES, THE STATE OF…, THE COUNTY OF…, THE CITY OF…, etc. The purpose of these "municipalities" [L munus service, gift, exchange + capere to take; to take service and exchange] is to "govern" fictitious entities such as JOHN DOE and K- MART – not to regulate people. Remember back when you thought that YOU were JOHN DOE because that is how it is written on your drivers license?

One of our problems is that when we engage with government, municipalities and other such elements, in all our dealings in the law when have been conditioned to interact on and in THEIR level. We have never risen to the level where the base of law is, where the reality, the power, the solidity and the pre-eminence exists - THE SOVERANS LEVEL. But now, we can function in this powerful level. This is Check mate. This is the end of the game. THIS IS THE REMEDY.

Commerce

The principles, maxims and precepts of Commerce Law are eternal, unchanging and unchangeable. They are expressed in the Bible, both the Old Testament and the New. We learned in the second course how the law of commerce has plagued us for more than 6000 years. This law of commerce, unchanged for thousands of years, forms the underlying foundation for all law on this planet and for governments around the world. It is the law of Nations and everything that human civilization is built upon. This is why it is so powerful. When you operate at this level, by these precepts, nothing that is of inferior statute can overturn or change it or abrogate it or meddle with it. It remains the fundamental source of authority and power and functional reality.

The Affidavit

Commerce in everyday life is the vehicle or glue that holds, or binds, the corporate body politic together. More specifically, commerce consists of a mode of interacting, doing business, or resolving disputes whereby all matters are executed under oath, certified on each patty's commercial liability by sworn affidavit, or what is intended to possess the same effect, as true, correct, and complete, not misleading, the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.

This affidavit is usually required for an application for a driver's license, and IRS form 1040, a voters registration, a direct Treasury Account, a Notary's "Copy Certification" or certifying a document, and on nearly every single document that the system desires others to be bound or obligated. Such means of signing is an oath, or Commercial Affidavit, executed under penalty of perjury, "true. Correct, and complete". Whereas in a court setting testimony (oral) is stated in judicial terms by being sworn to be "the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God."

In addition to asserting all matters under solemn oath of personal, commercial, financial, and legal liability for the validity of each and every statement, the participant must provide material evidence, i.e. ledgering, or bookkeeping, providing the truth, validity, relevance, and verifiably of each and every particular assertion to sustain credibility. Commerce is antecedent to and more fundamental to society that courts or legal systems, and exists and functions without respect to courts or legal systems. Commercial Law, the non-statutorily variety as presented below in maxims 1 through 10, is the economic extension of Natural Law into man's social world and is universal in nature. The foundational, invariant, necessary, and sufficient principles or "Maxims of Commerce" pertaining herein are:

Maxims of Law

There are ten essential maxims or precepts in commercial law.

1. WORKMAN IS WORTHY OF HIS HIRE. The first of these is expressed in Exodus 20:15; Lev. 19:13; Mat. 10:10; Luke 10"7; II Tim. 2:6. Legal maxim: "It is against equity for freemen not to have the free disposal of their own property."

2. The second maxim is "Equality before the law" or more precisely, ALL ARE EQUAL UNDER THE LAW. (God's Law - Moral and Natural Law). Exodus 21:23-25; Lev. 24: 17-21; Deut. 1;17, 19:21; Mat. 22:36-40; Luke 10:17; Col.

3:25. "No one is above the law". This is founded on both Natural and Moral law and is binding on everyone. For someone to say , or acts as though, he is "above the law" is insane. This is the major insanity in the world today. Man continues to live, act, believe, and form systems, organizations, governments, laws and processes which presume to be able to supercede or abrogate Natural or Moral Law. But, under commercial law, Natural and Moral Law are binding on everyone, and no one can escape it. Commerce, by the law of nations, ought to be common, and not to be converted into a monopoly and the private gain of the few.

3. This one is one of the most comforting maxims one could have, and your foundation for your peace-of-mind and your security and your capacity to win and triumph -- to get your remedy -- in this business. IN COMMERCE TRUTH IS SOVEREIGN. (Exodus 20:16; Ps. 117:2; John 8:32; II Cor. 13:8 ).Truth is sovereign -- and the Sovereign tells only the truth. Your word is your bond. If truth were not sovereign in commerce, i.e., all human action and inter-relations, there would be no basis for anything. No basis for law and order, no basis no accountability, there would be no standards, no capacity to resolve anything. It would mean "anything goes", "each man for himself", and "nothing matters". That's worse than the law of the jungle. Commerce. "To lie is to go against the mind". Oriental proverb: "Of all that is good, sublimity is supreme."

4. TRUTH IS EXPRESSED IN THE FORM OF AN AFFIDAVIT. (Lev. 5:4-5; Lev. 6:3-5; Lev. 19:11-13: Num. 30:2; Mat. 5:33; James 5: 12). An affidavit is your solemn expression of your truth. In commerce, an affidavit must be accompanied and must underlay and form the foundation for any commercial transaction whatsoever. There can be no valid commercial transaction without someone putting their neck on the line and stated, "this is true, correct, complete and not meant to mislead." When you issue an affidavit, it is a two edged sword; it cuts both ways. Someone has to take responsibility for saying that it is a real situation. It can be called a true bill, as they say in the Grand Jury. When you issue an affidavit in commerce you get the power of an affidavit. You also incur the liability, because this has to be a situation where other people might be adversely affected by it. Things change by your affidavit, in which are going to affect people's lives. If what you say in your affidavit is, in fact, not true, then those who are adversely affected can come back at you with justifiable recourse because you lied. You have told a lie as if it were the truth. People depend on your affidavit and then they have lost because you lied.

5. AN UNREBUTTED AFFIDAVIT STANDS AS TRUTH IN COMMERCE. (12 Pet. 1:25; Heb. 6:13-15;) Claims made in your affidavit, if not rebutted, emerge as the truth of the matter. Legal Maxim: "He who does deny, admits."

6. AN UNREBUTTED AFFIDAVIT BECOMES THE JUDGMENT IN COMMERCE. (Heb. 6:16-17;). There is nothing left to resolve. Any proceeding in a court, tribunal, or arbitration forum consists of a contest, or duel, of commercial affidavits wherein the points remaining unrebutted in the end stand as truth and matters to which the judgment of the law is applied.

7. IN COMMERCE FOR ANY MATTER TO BE RESOLVED MUST BE EXPRESSED. (Heb. 4:16; Phil. 4:6; Eph. 6:19-21). No one is a mind reader. You have to put your position out there, you have to state what the issue is, to have someone to talk about and resolve. Legal Maxim: "He who fails to assert his rights has none.)

8. The primary users of commercial law and those who best understand and codified it in Western Civilization are the Jews. This is Mosaic Law they have had for more than 3500 years past which is based upon Babylonian commerce. This one is: HE WHO LEAVES THE BATTLEFIELD FIRST LOSES BY DEFAULT. (Book of Job; Mat. 10:22; This means that an affidavit which is unrebutted point for point stands as "truth in commerce" because it hasn't been rebutted and has left the battlefield. Governments allegedly exist to resolve disputes, conflicts and truth. Governments allegedly exist to be substitutes for the dueling field and the battlefield for so disputes, conflicts of affidavits of truth are resolved peaceably, reasonably instead of by violence. So people can take their disputes into court and have them all opened up and resolved, instead of going out and marching ten paces and turning to kill or injure. Legal Maxim: "He who does not repel a wrong when he can, occasions it".

8. SACRIFICE IS THE MEASURE OF CREDIBILITY (NO WILLINGNESS TO SACRIFICE = NO LIABILITY, RESPONSIBILITY, AUTHORITY OR MEASURE OF CONVICTION). Nothing ventured nothing gained. A person must put himself on the line assume a position, take a stand, as regards the matter at hand. and One cannot realize the potential gain without also exposing himself to thew potential of loss. (One who is not damaged, put at risk, or willing to swear an oath on his commercial liability to claim authority) (Acts 7, life/death of Stephen). for the truth of his statements and legitimacy of his actions has no basis to assert claims or charges and forfeits all credibility and right Legal Maxim: "He who bears the burden ought also to derive the benefit".

9. SATISFACTION OF A LIEN. In commerce a lien or claim can be satisfied in any one of three ways. (Gen. 2-3; Mat. 4; Revelation.).

# By someone rebutting your affidavit, with another affidavit of his own, point by point, until the matter is resolved as to whose is correct, in case of non-resolution. # You convene a Sheriff's common law jury, based on the Seventh Amendment, concerning a dispute involving a claim of more than $20. Or, you can use three disinterested parties to make judgment. # The only other way to satisfy a lien is to pay it.

Legal Maxim: "if the plaintiff does not prove his case, the defendant is absolved".

10. So, the tenth maxim of law is: A LIEN OR CLAIM CAN BE SATISFIED ONLY THROUGH REBUTTABLE BY AFFIDAVIT POINT BY POINT, RESOLUTION BY JURY, OR PAYMENT.

Commercial Law is non-judicial. This is pre-judicial (not prejudice). This is timeless. This is the base, the foundation beneath which any government or any of their court systems can possibly exist or function.

That means what the courts are doing, and what all governments are ultimately adjudicating and making rules about, are these basic rules of Commercial Law. When you go into court and place your hand on the Bible you say, "I swear the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth . . ." you have just sworn a Commercial Affidavit.

It's the conflict between Commercial Affidavits of Truth that gives the court something to talk about, that forms the entire basis of its action, and its being there , in their venue. Hence, one of the reasons attorneys always create controversy.

No court and no judge can overturn or disregard or abrogate somebody's Affidavit of Truth. The only one who has any capacity or right or responsibility or knowledge to rebut your Affidavit of Truth is the one who is adversely affected by it. It's his job, his right, his responsibility to speak for himself. To issue his own affidavit because no one can speak it for him. No one else can know what your truth is or has the free-will responsibility to state it. This is YOUR job.

Commercial Law

This phrase designates the whole body of substantive jurisprudence, i.e. the Uniform Commercial Code, the Truth in Lending Act, applicable to the rights, intercourse, of persons engaged in commerce, trade or mercantile pursuits. Blacks 6th.

Commercial Law maintains the commercial harmony, integrity, and continuity of society. It's also stated as "to maintain the peace and dignity of the State." Over the millennia these principles have been discovered through experience and distilled and codified into those ten fundamental Maximums listed above. There is no legal issue or dispute possible which is not a function of one or more of these principles. The entirety of world commerce now functions in accordance with the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), the UNITED STATES’ corporation version of Commercial Law.

Collection, and How To Calculate Your Damages

Now, here is another aspect of your affidavits. In commerce there is the Assessment aspect, which is who owes who, and what, why, how and for what reasons; and there is the Collection aspect.

The collection aspect is based in International commerce that has existed for more than 6000 years. Again, this is based on Jewish Law and the Jewish grace period, which is in units of three; three days, three weeks, three months. This is why you get 90day letters from the IRS.

Commercial processes are non-judicial. They are summary processes (short, concise-without a jury).

The IRS creates the most activity of Commercial Collection in the entire world. The collection process is relatively valid, although the IRS is not registered to do business in any state. Did you understand what you just read? The IRS is NOT REGISTERED TO DO BUSINESS OR PERFORM COMMERCIAL MATTERS IN ANY STATE. So how do they get all the money they get? ANSWER: because you give it to them without requesting a proof of claim from them or even if they were "licensed" to give you offers based on "arbitrary" estimations.

However, this is where things get very interesting. The other phase of matters is the assessment phase: THERE IS NO VALID ASSESSMENT. The IRS has, and never can, and never will, and never could, EVER issue a valid assessment lien or levy. It's not possible.

First of all, in order for them to do that there would have to be paperwork, a True Bill in Commerce. There would have to be sworn Affidavits by someone that this is a true, correct and complete and not meant to deceive, which, in commerce is, essentially "the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth" when you get into court. Now, nobody in the IRS is going to take commercial liability for exposing themselves to a lie, and have a chance for people to come back at them with a True Bill in Commerce, a true accounting. This means they would have to set forth the contract, the foundational instrument with your signature on it, in which you are in default, and a list of all the wonderful goods and services that they have done for you which you owe them for; or a statement of all the damages that you have caused them, for which you owe them.

To my knowledge, no one has ever received goods or service from the IRS for which they owe money. I personally don't know of anyone that has damaged anybody in the IRS that gives them the right to come after us and say that "you owe us money because you damaged me". The assessment phase in the IRS is non- existent, it is a complete fraud. Wait a minute, there is one definition of "service" that actually applies to the IRS;

Service. The act of bringing a female animal to a male animal to get *&%$#@ so that the owner of the animals may "enjoy the product of this union."

Gives you a warm fuzzy feeling inside doesn’t it?

This is why these rules of Commercial Law come to our rescue. T. S. Eliot wrote a wonderful little phrase in one of his poems: "We shall not cease from exploration, and the result of all our exploring will be to arrive at the place at which we began and know it for the first time."

This is the beginning , and this is the end. This closes the circle on the process. One reason why the super rich bankers and the super rich people in the world have been able to literally steal the world and subjugate it, and plunder it, and bankrupt it and make chattel property out of most of us is because they know and use the rules of Commercial Law and we don't.

Because we don't know the rules, nor use them, we don't know what the game is. We don't know what to do. We don't know how to invoke our rights, remedies and recourses. We get lost in doing everything under the sun except the one and only thing that is the solution.

No one is going to explain to you what and how all this is happening to you. That is never going to happen. These powers-that-be have not divulged the rules of the game. They can and do get away with complete fraud and steal everything because no one knows what to do about it.

SOLUTION;

Well, what CAN you do about it? YOU NEED TO ISSUE A COMMERCIAL AFFIDAVIT. You don't have to title it that, but that's what it is. You can assert in your affidavit, "I have never been presented with any sworn affidavits that would provide validity to your assessment. It is my best and considered judgment that no such paperwork or affidavit exists." At the end of this document, you put demands on them. They must be implicit and then you state, "Should you consider my position in error . . ."

You know what they have to do now, don't you? They must come back with an affidavit which rebuts your affidavit point for point, which means they have to provide the paper work with the real assessment, the true bill in commerce, the real sworn affidavits that would make their assessment or claims against you valid.

No agent or attorney of a fictitious entity can sign an affidavit for the corporation. How can they sware as fact that the corporation has done or not done ANYTHING? They do not have the standing. They cannot and never will provide you with this. This means your affidavit stands as truth in commerce.

You can even make it more interesting if you like. You go to all their laws like Title 18 and you tabulate the whole list of crimes they have committed against you in lying to you, foreclosing and selling your home and issuing liens and levies. This could be quite an impressive list. If you tabulate the dollar amounts of the fines involved in these offenses, you could take just Title 18 section 241 alone which is a $10,000.00 fine on any public official for each offense. That means for every single violation of the Constitution, or commercial law, there could be 35 or 40 of these just in Title 18. You're looking at $300 to $400 thousand. When they start adding up, they become very impressive.

Now you attach this accounting, the criminal accounting to your affidavit and you file it as a criminal complaint with the State Attorney. This is like putting the fox in

charge of guarding the hen house. However, more about this will be outlined later in this course.

For now, just attach your affidavit and your criminal complaint to a commercial lien. But wait! There is even a more effective way of getting you equity back – Involuntary Bankruptcy! These procedures will be detailed in Course 5.

The reason you go through this criminal complaint is because by their own laws and value system and penalties, they have hung themselves. They have already discerned and formulated the dollar amount involved in each of the various offenses. When you lien them for those amounts, they can't come back and say: "Well, these are out of nowhere. They're unreasonable. Where did you get this?" Right out of your own codes.

COMMERCIAL PROCESSES ARE NON-JUDICIAL, PRE-JUDICIAL, AND ARE MORE POWERFUL THAN JUDICIAL PROCESSES.

Now, you take your commercial lien to the Secretary of State to file as a UCC-1 Financing statement. Then as soon as you've finished filing the original criminal complaint with the Prosecuting attorney you file this lien against every agent individually. (The criminal complaint is optional). They can't hide behind the skirts of the corporate state, this fictional entity created by man to be able to engage in perfidious actions which you would not otherwise be able by virtue of Natural and Moral Law. It just doesn't work.

Now, you can use this same collection process against them just as the IRS uses against you.

You will discover that all the attorneys, judges and the people who come against you think this is a lot of gobble-di-gook, hogwash and silly. But they soon learn that your affidavits of truth is valid and enforceable against them. And they find that things become more and more uncomfortable with each passing day. Judges even think all this doesn't matter because they can get another judge to remove all your paperwork against them. Other agents of the government think they can hide behind the sovereign immunity of the Government, behind all the power and prestige, all their attorneys and all their capacity to get the courts to do whatever the wish is going to save them. None of these have any effect on your process.

It has no effect because there is only one way that they can be saved and that is to come in with their own affidavit that rebuts your affidavit point by point and prove

you wrong. If they did get this into court or jury that's not going to do them any good because the same battle still exists.

All this means is that the conflict between affidavits are now fought out in the open. And that is embarrassing to them because they are not going to change anything. All this will simply do them more harm.

The third way to settle your claim is for them to pay it. If they don't satisfy your claim you give them a grace period, at the end of 90 days you transform the Secretary of State into your Accounts Receivable Office. Legal Title of all their real and personal property has now passed to you. You now file the correct paperwork with the Secretary of State, and you serve this on the Sheriff and say, "I want to take possession of my property." Things begin to get interesting.

If you send a criminal complaint on a public official to the Insurance Commissioner of the State, it becomes instantly and automatically a lien against the bond of the official, the judge or district attorney and he's dead. He cannot function without bonding. This is held in suspension until the issue is resolved.

Now, all of a sudden we find ourselves, simply by going back to what we've wanted all along, which is truth, rightness and a remedy, that we have, by going back in this and finding the rules that pertain to it, a way to have more power than they do, since we are sovereign.

No one, not a judge, jury or anyone else can overturn this or change this process.

To do so would be to dissolve the world immediately into chaos. This would be the end of all law, all order, all standards, for all civilization.

It is not possible. They are stuck. This forms the underpinnings of philosophy, in tangle practices, of the way to put power on your side and against those agents of government who violate your being, injure you all in violation of their oath of office.

That is how, through their own process, we can use the rules of the game in OUR favor instead of remaining in ignorance and being taken forever as slaves.This applies to everything, not just the government. This forms a valid foundation for your life and it forms a basis for any kind of dealings with government. What most people don't even consider is that governments don't have and can't have anything to support an affidavit of truth to support their actions.

Governments invent all the regulations and statutes to impose on you, affecting your life and commercial/economic standing. And no one is taking any liability, responsibility nor accountability. They may have some kind of bonding. But in most states this bonding is only for about $5-10 million for the entire state and all its employees. However, you can tabulate a simple traffic ticket into more than $5 million if you so choose.

Uniform Commercial Code

The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws together with the American Law Institute drafted Nation-wide Uniform Laws and each state has now adopted these laws. These laws govern commercial transactions, including sales and leasing goods, transfer of funds, commercial paper, bank deposits and collections, letters of credit, bulk transfers, warehouse receipts, bills of laden, investment securities, and secured transactions. The UCC has been adopted in whole or substantially by all states. Blacks 6th. The UCC is a code of laws governing various commercial transactions -- sale of goods, banking transactions, secured transactions in personal property, and other matters, that was designed to bring uniformity in these areas to the laws of the various states, and that has been adopted, with some modifications, in all states, including the District of Columbia and the Virgin Islands. Barron's 3rd. Unless displaced by the particular provisions of this code, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principle and agent, estopple, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other validating or invalidating cause shall supplement its provisions. UCC 1-103.

To paraphrase the third definition above, the UCC is the supreme law on the planet, and all other forms of law are encompassed by it and included in it (except you as a sovereign, of course). Pennsylvania was the first state to adopt the UCC (July 1954), and Louisiana the last (January 1, 1975).

The following is a quote from the BANK OFFICERS HANDBOOK OF COMMERCIAL BANKING LAW WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, sixth edition, paragraph 22.01(1) and pertains to certain types of transactions:

"There are twelve transactions to which the UCC does not apply. They are as follows:

"1. Security interests governed by federal statutes . . .

"2. Landlord liens . . . "3. Liens for services or material provided . . . "4. Assignment for claims fore wages . . . "5. Transfers by government agencies . . . "6. Certain isolated sales of accounts or chattel paper . . . "7. Insurance Policies . . . "8. Judgments . . . "9. Rights of setoff . . . (see setoff) "10. Real Estate interests . . . "11. Tort Claims . . . "12 Bank accounts . . ."

UCC-104 states : "Construction against implicit repeal. This code being a general act intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it shall be deemed to be impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation in such construction be reasonably avoided".

Nothing in the UCC has ever been repealed, nor can it ever be. In the event of conflict between a deleted section and a current section, the deleted section controls. If this is examined one will see that it cannot be the other way. Potentially countless commercial transactions can be consummated based on the current UCC at any time. To "cancel" any portion of the UCC at a later point is to throw into upheaval and chaos all commercial agreements that were based on the deleted portion, an act that would carry unimaginably astronomical liability to the many actors who attempted to effect such change.

Now, we must define the United States. This was covered in course number 2. But for purposes in this particular area, we must define it for a better understanding applied to this procedure. Commercial Lien

A commercial lien is a non-judicial claim or charge against property of a Lien Debtor for payment of a debt or discharge of a duty or obligation. A lien has the effect of permanently seizing property in three months, ninety days, upon failure of the lien debtor to rebut the Affidavit of Claim of Lien. The commercial grace of a lien is provided by the three-month delay of the execution process, allowing resolution either verbally, in writing, or by jury trial within the 90 day grace period. A Distress (to be defined in Blacks 6th) bonded by an affidavit of information becomes a finalized matured commercial lien and accounts receivable ninety days from the date of filing. The Lien Right of a Lien must be expressed in

the form of an Affidavit sworn true, correct and complete, with positive identification of the Affiant. The swearing is based on one's own commercial liability.

A commercial lien differs from a true bill in commerce only in that ordinarily a true bill in commerce is private, whereas a lien is the same bill publicly declared, usually filed in the office of the County Recorder, and, like all such declarations, when uncontested by categorical point-for-point rebuttal of the affidavit, is a Security (15 USC) and an accounts-receivable.

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